MAZUR SIXTH EDITION page references
READINGS (subject to expansion and revision)
in Mazur, James E. (2006). Learning And Behavior (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. (ISBN: 0-13-193163-6)
CH.1: The Psychology Of Learning And Behavior
- pp. 5-6, "The Major Components Of Scientific Theories"
- pp. 11, 13-16, "Behavioral and Cognitive Approaches to Learning," "The Emphasis on External Events"
CH.2: Simple Ideas, Simple Associations, And Simple Cells
- pp. 19-23 the Empiricist / Associationist tradition; (Rationalist / Nativist tradition covered in lecture)
- OPTIONAL: Ebbinghaus's human memory experiments pp. 23-27
- omit pp. 27-37 on physiology
CH.3: Innate Behavior Patterns And Habituation
- reflex p. 40; tropism p. 41: kineses p. 41 and taxes p. 42; fixed-action patterns pp. 42- 44; reaction chains pp. 44-45
- habituation: pp. 47-51; omit pp. 51-53 on "Physiological Mechanisms Of Habituation"; continue with pp. 53-59 on the "Opponent-Process Theory"
CH.4: Basic Principles Of Classical Conditioning.
- omit "Aversive Counterconditioning" and "Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis" pp. 84-87; continue with chapter summary on p. 87-88
CH.5: Theories And Research On Classical Conditioning
- omit "Mackintosh's Theory Of Attention" and "Comparator Theories Of Conditioning" pp. 97-99
- continue with pp. 99-100 on "Associations In First-Order Conditioning" and "Associations In Second-Order Conditioning"
- omit "Associations Involving Contextual Stimuli," "CS-CS Associations," and "Occasion Setting" pp. 100-102
- pp. 102-112 "Biological Constraints On Classical Conditioning" through "Conditioned Opponent Theories"
- omit "Physiological Research On Classical Conditioning" pp. 112-116; continue with chapter summary p. 116-117
Index of Classical Conditioning Phenomena:
- Acquisition [61-62, 68-69]
- Extinction [69-70]
- Spontaneous Recovery [70-71]
- Inhibition / Excitation [70-71]
- Disinhibition [71]
- Rapid Reacquisition [72]
- Pavlov's Stimulus Substitution Theory [65-66]
- S-S and S-R Associations [66-68]
- Rescorla's Devaluation and Revaluation Procedures
- Higher-Order Conditioning [78-79]
- Sensory Preconditioning
- Conditioned Inhibition [72-73]
- Retardation and Summation Tests
- Latent Inhibition / CS Pre-Exposure Effect [96-97]
- US Pre-Exposure Effect
- Sensitization [103] (increased responsiveness to ANY stimulus after presentation of a strong US)
- Generalization and Discrimination [73-74]
- Role of the response in modern interpretations of classical conditioning may really just be as a dependent variable to measure strength of CS-US association (or of any S-S association); CR and UR as such aren't necessarily interesting
- Psychoneuroimmunology (Conditioning of the Immune System) [80-81]
- Watson's "Little Albert" Experiment on Phobias [82]
- Systematic Desensitization [81-84]
- Drug Tolerance, Withdrawal, Paradoxical Overdose [108-111]
- Conditioned Opponent Theories [111-112]
- Sometimes Opponent Process (SOP)
- [Affective Extension of SOP (AESOP): omit this topic completely -- it does not appear in the 6th edition of the Mazur text]
- Pavlov's Assumptions of Contiguity and Arbitrariness / Equipotentiality [102-103]
- Taste Aversion Learning / Biological Constraints on Learning / Belongingness [102-105]
- Garcia's Experiment / The Garcia Effect [103-105]
- Wilcoxon, Dragoin, and Kral's Experiment [105]
- Hospital Anorexia (Taste Aversions in Chemotherapy)
- Rescorla's Contingency Experiments (CS-US Correlations) [76-78]
- Experiment on Dogs Receiving Forward, Backward, and Mixed Conditioning
- Experiment on Rats Receiving Same Contiguity but Different Contingencies of Tone and Shock
- Blocking and Overshadowing [90-94]
- Rescorla-Wagner Model of Learning On Individual Conditioning Trials [90-96]
- Overexpectation Effect [94-95]
CH.6: Basic Principles Of Operant Conditioning.
- "The Law Of Effect" pp. 118-122; "The Research Of B.F. Skinner" pp. 130-132
- pp. 123-125: superstitious behaviors and Staddon and Simmelhag's(1971) interpretation in terms of interim and terminal behaviors (note relation to autoshaping / sign-tracking experiment on pp. 138-142)
- pp. 125-130: shaping (but omit pp. 129-130 on "percentile schedules")
- p. 126 conditioned reinforcers
- p. 133-134 generalized reinforcers
- p. 134-136 chaining
- pp. 136-143 biological constraints on operant conditioning: Brelands and intinctive drift; autoshaping or "sign-tracking" interpreted as classical rather than operant conditioning (note relation to SSDRs pp. 178-179)
CH.7 "The Four Simple Reinforcement Schedules" pp. 146-152
CH.8 "Punishment" pp. 184-185; "Is Punishment The Opposite Of Reinforcement" pp. 185-186; "Disadvantages Of Using Punishment" pp. 188-190; "Negative Punishment" p. 190; "Negative Punishment: Response Cost And Time-Out" pp. 192-194
- pp. 171-172 definition of negative reinforcement and punishment
- pp. 173-174 "two-factor theory"
- pp. 178-179 Bolles's idea of "species-specific defense reactions" or SSDRs
- pp. 181-184 learned helplessness
CH.9 "How Can We Predict What Will Be A Reinforcer?" pp. 209-211 (through "Drive Reduction")
- pp. 202-203 Tolman's views about the role of reinforcement; latent learning
- pp. 205-207 Neal Miller's work on operant conditioning of visceral responses; James Olds's work on electrical stimulation of the brain as a reinforcer
- pp. 212-213 Premack's principle
- pp. 215-216 response deprivation theory (Timberlake and Allison)